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Maritime Protection Systems on Modern Vessels: From Theory to Real-World Testing
Electrification has turned today’s ships into compact, highly stressed microgrids. Integrated Power Systems (IPS) connect propulsion, hotel loads, and auxiliary systems to common main switchboards, often in closed rings with multiple generators feeding the same busbars. That architecture is fantastic for efficiency and redundancy… but only if the protection system really does what its settings promise . This post turns the findings of “Protection of Electrical Power Systems i
Nov 217 min read


Directional Relays: How They Work and Why They Matter
Directional relays play a key role in modern power system protection. Unlike simple overcurrent relays that only measure the magnitude of...
Aug 264 min read


Testing With GOOSE Isn’t Hard. You’re Just Doing It Backwards
The real issue is how people approach GOOSE testing - or how they avoid it entirely. I've been on sites where engineers stare blankly at...
Jul 314 min read


Testing Recloser Logic: More Than Just “Did It Close?”
A quick summary on common DOs and DO NOTs about recloser testing procedures
Jun 192 min read


Unpacking Differential Protection — What’s Actually Happening Behind the Test Set
Typical ANSI 87 differential protection Differential protection (ANSI 87) is one of those schemes that every protection engineer knows is...
Jun 22 min read


Difference Between Relay and Circuit Breaker and their applications
In the world of electrical engineering, relays and circuit breakers are often mentioned in the same breath. Both are vital to the...
May 223 min read


Maintenance and testing of Overcurrent Protection Relays: ANSI Code 50/51
Overcurrent protection relays play a crucial role in safeguarding electrical power systems by detecting and responding to excessive...
Mar 313 min read
How to test and certify Generator MCCB, ACB, and VCB on the Ship?
Useful tips to streamline your process. MCCBs, ACBs, VCBs, and bus tie breakers are crucial in a ship’s electrical system, protecting...
Mar 194 min read


Understanding Reclosers: Types, Applications, and Testing Procedures
Reclosers are essential components in modern power distribution systems. They are automated circuit breakers designed to detect and...
Feb 243 min read


Understanding Heat Run Testing with Primary Injection High Current Testers
Heat run testing is a critical procedure used to evaluate the thermal performance of electrical equipment, especially in power...
Feb 144 min read


Understanding the IEC 61850 Protocol: Transforming Modern Electrical Protection and Control
IEC 61850 is an international standard developed for substation automation systems (SAS), focusing on integrating and enhancing the...
Nov 12, 20244 min read


Key Factors for Low Voltage Switchgear Testing
In modern electrical distribution systems, low voltage (LV) switchgear plays a crucial role in controlling, protecting, and isolating...
Oct 15, 20243 min read


The Current Situation and Emerging Trends in Relay Protection
Relay protection systems play a pivotal role in safeguarding electrical grids from faults and failures, ensuring the continuous and...
Oct 2, 20245 min read


Protection Relay Types and Corresponding Testing Procedures
In the current grid network you'll find millions, if not billions, of protection relays installed. They serve one of the main purposes -...
Sep 13, 20245 min read


WHAT IS SYNCHRO CHECK RELAY AND HOW TO TEST IT?
Synchro check or sync check relays are used to verify that voltage, phase angle, frequency and phase rotation across two sides of a...
Sep 6, 20244 min read


4 Tests you need to know to evaluate Circuit Breaker performance
Circuit breakers are one of the most intricate and essential mechanical components in the electrical power system. Their primary function...
Sep 5, 20244 min read


How to Test the Electromechanical Protective Relay?
Even though time flies and protection systems have been implementing more and more modern and advanced relays, many places still have...
Aug 16, 20244 min read


What is transformer excitation current?
Take any type of transformer. It has a primary and secondary sides, and a core of course. When a normal voltage is applied to a...
Jul 26, 20243 min read


Welcome to Your Ultimate Resource for Substation Testing!
Hello and welcome to our brand-new blog dedicated to substation testing practices, procedures, solutions, and real-world cases! We're...
Jul 18, 20242 min read
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